遗忘的蹉跎今天的放纵 [青春须放纵,《皮囊》空蹉跎]

     2007年1月15日,由电视剧作家Bryan Elsley和Jamie Brittain为Company Pictures创作的电视连续剧《皮囊》(Skins)在英国E4数字频道首播,很快就受到青少年收视者的青睐,也获得了影视评论家的好评。这部电视剧讲述了英格兰南部布里斯托尔市(Bristol)一群高中生的生活,其广受争议的主题包括家庭解体、精神疾病(例如厌食症)、狂欢乱性、滥用毒品以及死亡等,语言则充满了粗口。由于在风格与内容方面直面英国中下层青少年的真实生活,《皮囊》获得了英国影视界的多个奖项。自开播以来,已连续播出5季(截至2011年),第6季也已投入制作。根据前4季内容改编的电影也已投拍,预计今年上映。本文仅以第1季为例介绍评述该剧的特点。
  演员与创作
  为了真实反映青少年(高中生)的生活,《皮囊》剧组启用的演员大都是业余的真正高中生。通常每季有8个主要演员(只有第2季有9个),演绎高中最后两年的生活(16岁到18岁)。除了个别演员(如Nicholas Hoult),大多数演员都没有太多的表演经验。演员们的本色表演使反映他们生活的剧情更加真实可信。
  为了使第6季(2012年)的创作更加精彩,主创者Brtitain于2011年1月宣布公开向全英国高中生征集剧本,获奖者将被邀参加《皮囊》剧组的至少10次创作活动并有资金补助。以上两点可以说是《皮囊》成功的重要因素。尽管演员的表演未脱稚嫩的成分,剧情的创作也含有过分的夸张,但真实本色的表演和贴近青少年生活的内容使该剧开播以来一直保持着较高的收视率。
  人物与剧情(第1季)
  托尼(Tony Stonem)是个漂亮、聪明并颇有人缘的男孩,但他对别人的暗中操纵却很少被人发现,这成了第1季剧情发展的主要催化剂。希德(Sid Jenkins)是托尼最好的朋友,但性格则与托尼完全相反,缺乏自信、不善社交、学习成绩很差。托尼的女朋友米歇尔 (Michelle Richardson)表面看来浅薄、虚荣和自负,但实际上学习上很用功,对法语和西班牙语感兴趣,情感上也比较成熟。对于托尼的“邪恶”行为,她经常容忍与原谅,因为她太爱托尼了。米歇尔的女友凯西(Cassie Ainsworth)则是个古怪的女孩,患有厌食症。凯西试图掩盖她的心理疾病,而其父母则完全忽视她的存在,只关注她那刚出生的小弟弟。随着剧情的发展,凯西爱上了希德,但希德却执著而绝望地爱着米歇尔。
  克里斯(Chris Miles)热衷于派对狂欢,由于受宠哥哥的意外死亡而不受离异父母的待见。他暗恋着教授心理学的年轻女老师安吉(Angie)。贾尔(Jal Fazer)是个知情达理的黑人女孩,具有音乐才华,善吹单簧管。父母离异后,她与音乐家的父亲和喜爱饶舌音乐的两个哥哥一起生活。麦克斯(Maxxie)则是剧中的男同性恋,喜爱画画和跳舞,帅气而富有魅力。他与安瓦尔是好朋友,后者是巴基斯坦移民后裔,一心想寻欢作乐,将伊斯兰教的清规戒律(如婚前性行为、喝酒、吸毒等大忌)抛到脑后。
  第1集以托尼为主要线索,串起其他人物和故事发展。主要情节是托尼安排他的朋友们参加时髦女孩阿比盖尔(Abigail Stock)趁父母出差而组织的狂野派对,并试图设计让希德失去童贞之身,而由此希德也结识了患有厌食症的漂亮女孩凯西。第2集聚焦凯西最后一次去厌食症诊疗所,并设计获得了诊疗所的“自由”许可。在日常生活中,她一次次幻觉有人向她发手机短信,鼓励和督促她进食。根据她的幻觉,凯西认为这些短信是在派对上挽救了她生命的希德所发,所以渐渐爱上了他。第3集则讲述了黑人女孩贾尔与其音乐家父亲之间的紧张关系以及她为参加BBC年度青年乐手大奖赛努力练习单簧管并遭受挫折的经历。第4集讲述克里斯遭到母亲遗弃,愤而将母亲留下的一千英镑挥霍殆尽而不得不在心理学课程美女教师安吉的帮助下住进临时学生宿舍。在第5集中,学习成绩每况愈下的希德在父母的争吵中挣扎,又被托尼设计与米歇尔约会,被脆弱而心碎的凯西目睹而试图自杀。第6集则以麦克斯与安瓦尔的关系为主线,讲述安瓦尔的穆斯林信仰与好友麦克斯的同性恋倾向之间的冲突。故事发生在学校组织他们去俄罗斯参观访问时,米歇尔目睹了托尼试图引诱麦克斯“尝试新鲜事物”与他发生关系的恶行,极度失望。第7集以米歇尔为主,讲述她怎样面对托尼的操纵与欺骗行为。她开始与阿比盖尔的哥哥约士(Josh)约会,嫉妒的托尼窃取了约士的手机并以此向米歇尔 发送阿比盖尔的裸照。米歇尔中招,与约士分手。第8集讲述约士为报复托尼而绑架了他的妹妹埃菲(Effy)并索要赎金。本季的最后一集是安瓦尔的生日派对。他与麦克斯和解;克里斯与安吉的未婚夫大打出手;托尼则打电话向米歇尔忏悔并表示要改过自新,却不幸被汽车撞昏。
  
  反响与评价
  《皮囊》第1季播出后受到较为正面的评价,尽管一些评论者抱怨该剧对对青少年的刻画不够真实并且流于俗套。对此,饰演托尼的Nicholas Hoult辩解说该剧反映的并不是每个青少年的生活,而且其娱乐性并不排斥其可信性: “it is maybe heightened for entertainment but all of it is believable.”对此,布里斯托尔的青少年颇有同感:
  Joshua, aged 16, said, “It is quite a fair depiction�although I do think the storylines about drugs are a bit exaggerated. We aren’t as bad as that.”
  Kate Horler, 18, watches it religiously and apart from the drugs thinks it is quite close to the life she and her friends live. “I thought they covered the anorexia(厌食症)story line really well. I have a friend who has an eating disorder, and Skins did it realistically � the girl had a box of food under her bed, just like my friend. I think it helps to address issues like that.”
  影评人MariekeHardy对该剧赞赏有加,认为其内容“beautiful and sad and poignant and perfectly hurtful”,但是她也对该剧的内容是否适合青少年观看心存疑虑、缺乏把握。澳大利亚的《时代报》(The Age)影评人Gordon Farrer认为《皮囊》的主要优点是从青少年的角度而不是成人的角度看问题:
  “The most worthy and important thing about Skins is that it takes the side of the teenagers. Too many TV shows and films hector and carp at(对……抱怨批评)our young folk under the guise of entertaining them. Think of some of our local soaps(肥皂剧). Youngsters have enough to deal with and don’t need unsympathetic adults, who have forgotten what it’s like to deal with sex, drugs and emotion in an increasingly complex society, adding to their burden.”
  “Skins has energy, trades in realism, is honest, and avoids stereotype(刻板印象)and easy plot choices, rare qualities in TV aimed at a young audience. This should be compulsory viewing for parents of teenagers as much as for teens. Watch and listen―it will help you understand.”
  也有相当一部分观众对该剧的内容,例如:吸毒、乱性、狂欢、粗口等内容,持保留与批评态度。媒体也对该剧对英国及爱尔兰社会青少年所产生的潜在负面影响时有报道。该剧播出后在一些地方引发了以醉酒、吸毒为主要内容的彻夜狂欢派对,被称作“皮囊派对”(skins party)。总的来看,《皮囊》所反映的各种青少年问题在英国社会确实存在,但大多存在于经济状况不好的地区和中下社会阶层。传统家庭的分崩离析以及失业率的上升致使许多中下层青少年的教育环境恶化、他们看不到自己的前途,沉溺于酒精与毒品不能自拔也就不足为奇了。当然,该剧的创作者还是给与剧中人物以成长和成熟的过程与空间,毕竟青少年作为一个从儿童向成人过渡的特殊阶段充满了“成长的烦恼”。他们只有经过这些看似荒唐的烦恼他们之后才可能成熟起来,转变成有责任感的成人。
  台词选段
  Sid’s Teacher Comments on His Coursework
  Teacher: (Shouts) Sid!
  Sid: (Comes back from his daydream) Yeah, sorry. It’s just there was a….
  Teacher: Now, this is exactly what I’m talking about, Sid. Lack of concentration, inability to focus, nada commitment(不信守承诺). Now this piece of coursework I have marked “ungraded”.
  Father: Ungraded? What?
  Teacher: I can’t pass him with this mark.
  Father: Fucking hell. Mark… mark.
  Teacher: Please. With this mark, not you, Mark(希德的父亲也叫Mark), this mark, you have failed the entire year.
  Father: What?
  Teacher: He’s failed the entire year.
  Father: Sod, you sidding idiot!(骂人的脏话)
  Teacher: Ah, hold on, there’s no need to panic. Because I fought for you, Sid, I really did, and got you an extension(延期). It was hard, but I worked at it, and I got it. Right?
  Father: Got what right?
  Teacher: I got it. Right?
  Father: Thanks, Tom.
  Teacher: So, 2,000 words on Lech Walesa, Solidarity(瓦文萨是1980年成立的波兰团结工会领袖,后来当选为波兰总统)and the collapse of the Soviet power.
  Father: (Looks at the topic) Jesus Christ!
  Teacher: Two days, get your head down(埋头用功).
  Father: You better fucking believe he’s getting his head down. You can say goodbye to sunshine, Sunshine. You are grounded(被禁止出门玩耍).
  Teacher: Put it this way. Let’s change and develop. OK?
  Mother: Thanks, Tom. We’re all very grateful for this second chance. Aren’t we, Mark?
  Father: (Gets up to leave) Yes. Thank you very much.
  Tony’s “Bang” Theory on Life
  Tony: See, told you it’d be worth coming for. Looks like me and Michele are on a break.
  Sid: You did that on purpose?
  Tony: Go after her.
  Sid: What?
  Tony: Life throws up so few opportunities.
  Sid: But she’s your girlfriend.
  Tony: Whom you love.
  Side: What?
  Tony: Change. It’s a wonderful thing. Look, you know how subatomic particles don’t obey physical laws(比原子更小的微粒没有物理定律可遵循)? They act according to chance, chaos, coincidence. They run into each other in the middle of the universe, and bang! Energy. We’re the same as that. That’s the great thing about the universe. Unpredictable(不可预测的). That’s so much fun. Sid: I’m just gonna go see if she’s OK, all right?
  Tony: Sid. Bang! ?

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